![]() ![]() Overall, three out of four populations displayed significant male-biased SSD, and SSD was greater in populations with smaller overall body size. Here, we investigate intraspecific variation in SSD as well as relative investment in precopulatory (horn length) and postcopulatory traits (sperm length and testes weight) in a tropical rainforest dung beetle Onthophagus babirussa across Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia. Patterns of SSD can also vary between populations of species that are exposed to different environmental conditions, such as differing resource availability and diversity. Male-biased SSD is rarer in insects and usually indicates strong sexual selection pressure on male body size in a species. Sexual size dimorphism (SSD) arises when natural selection and sexual selection act differently on males and females.
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